Geosynthetics
The company G.T. trade d.o.o. possesses specific experience and a professional approach to the selection of materials for all applications. Our use of modern technologies is in compliance with the requirements of EU standards. We are committed to constantly improving ourselves, as well as to preventing pollution of the environment. We shape the environment that we live in in order to utilise landscapes as effectively as possible, without any negative consequences. With our solutions and the materials that we install in various areas of application, we do our best to meet such requirements.
The company is actively involved in environmental protection through the restoration of landfills, protection of waters, protection of waters in road construction and the construction of railway corridors and lagoons. Dispoal of waste in a safe manner is the goal of every community, as well as one of the prerequisites of sustainable development. Uncontrolled disposal of waste increases the hazard of pollution of the soil and water. The application of geosynthetic materials, which make construction easier thanks to their effectiveness and simplicity, helps us to protect the environment and its resources, while also making waste depositing much safer.
In landfills HDPE geomembranes (thickness higher or equal 2.0 mm) are used nearly exclusively. In groundwater protection, mainly 1.0 mm thick HDPE geomembranes are used. In tunneling applications, mostly geomembranes with a signal layer are installed. Steeper slopes can be accommodated by installing a geomembrane with structured surfaces. Needle-punched geosynthetic clay liners with mechanically bonded nonwovens (300 g/m2) as cover and carrier geotextiles are especially suitable for steeper slopes because they normally achieve higher interface friction angles than other geotextiles.
Sealing is indispensable for environmental and groundwater protection and contributes substantially to the fitness for use and service life of buildings. Geomembranes of varying thickness, depending on the intended purpose, are used as barriers to liquids and gases mainly in landfills and tunnel construction and in hydraulic engineering. Typically, geomembranes manufactured of various polyethylene formulations (e.g. different densities) are used. Thicknesses are generally more than 1.0 mm. Geomembranes are deployed and welded together by approved installers. In areas with reduced stresses, plastic sheets with thicknesses of 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm can be used. This would be applicable for non-permanent covers and, for example, pond applications. Geosynthetic clay liners are used in specific areas, with bentonite performing the sealing function.
Products:
In order to allow long-term drainage performance of the percolation layer, filter geotextiles are deployed to transmit shear stress on the percolation layer. Mechanically bonded nonwovens (see filtration) are especially suitable for filtration functions. Randomly entangled mesh matrices are especially suitable as drainage layers since they have a stable three-dimensional static structure. Shearing stresses can be transferred without damage, and thus the long-term hydraulic performance is maintained.
Drainage is the collection of precipitation, groundwater and other liquids or gases which have to be discharged. Drainage systems are supplied as single elements or composites consisting of at least one filtering layer and one percolation layer. The latter takes up the liquid and discharges it with a minimum loss of pressure. Surface drainage systems are frequently combined with sealing systems, e. g. in landfills, and waterproofing applications, like underground car parks or tunnels. Geosynthetic drainage systems substitute expensive mineral drainage layers.
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Mechanically bonded nonwovens are especially suitable for this function since they adjust themselves very well to irregular subsoils and also to soft soils due to their high elongation capacity. This elongation capacity is important to accommodate the penetration of a stone. The fibres lay themselves around the stone and prevent the nonwoven structure from being damaged.
Geotextiles separate adjacent soil types or fill materials preventing them from becoming intermixed. They are used in the form of durable, robust nonwoven or woven fabrics and/or composites manufactured of synthetic raw materials able to withstand high loads. Common applications include road and railway construction, hydraulic engineering, and construction of riding and sports grounds. The selection of the appropriate product depends on the grain size distribution of the base course materials and the expected operational loads.
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Thick mechanically bonded nonwovens have proven to be very good protection layers. Secutex® PP nonwovens with a mass per unit area of > 800 g/m2 e. g. are used as a sole protection layer for geomembranes. However, in fields of application where lower loads occur, mechanically bonded nonwovens with a mass per unit area of higher or equal 300 g/m2 are used.
Geomembranes, coated and non-coated structures need to be protected against mechanical damage. Without protection layers, damage would occur from sharp-edged irregularities of the underground or the filling material. Nonwovens and composites are used as protection against mechanical damage. Composites include nonwovens reinforced with wovens, double-sided wovens and composite nonwovens with mineral fillings. The effectiveness of protection depends on the thickness of the geosynthetics and their mass per unit area as well as their resistance to perforations by impact or compression. Nonwovens and composites are used in a variety of applications including landfills and tunnels for the protection of geomembranes. Such protection elements have also been installed successfully in pipe construction.
Product:
Mostly geogrids and wovens are used as reinforcing elements. Reinforcing elements, where the reinforcing elements are made of yarns of slit films (e. g. wovens), are more susceptible to installation damage than reinforcing elements made of polymer ribs with rigid crossing points. Furthermore, stretched geogrids have lower initial elongations than wovens, for example, and hence generate an immediate force transfer without construction elongation.
When used for reinforcement purposes, geotextiles, geogrids and composites are placed below or between soil layers to take up tensile forces and thereby improve mechanical properties. They are preferably used in supporting structures based on the principle of “reinforced soil” or for stabilizing earth banks on types of soil with a poor load-bearing capacity. In many cases this makes expensive constructive measures, a soil exchange or the installation of an additional soil layer, unnecessary.
Products:
Mechanically bonded nonwovens are especially suitable for this function if the nonwoven thickness is at least 30 times larger than the selected opening size. This has been determined by inspecting mechanically bonded nonwovens which have been in service for relatively long periods of time. A thickness adjusted to the opening size allows a depth filtration and prevents the development of a filter cake at the interface between geotextile and soil which would reduce the water permeability. The water permeability of the mechanically bonded nonwoven adjusted to the soil is hence ensured in the long term.
A geotextile filter layer withholds solid components, whilst allowing liquids to pass almost freely perpendicular to the filter plane.
It is differentiated between the mechanical strength (soil retention capacity) and the hydraulic filter effectiveness both with the aim to achieve a water drainage with a minimum loss of pressure.
The requirements can also be fulfilled by a mineral filter. However, geotextile filter layers have proven to be the most suitable and economic alternative.
Like in mineral filter layers, the filter length of the geotextile filters (thickness of the geotextile) can affect the long-term mechanical and hydraulic filter effectiveness. Filters are mainly used in hydraulic engineering and drainage systems.
Products:
Due to their very good flexibility, mechanically bonded nonwovens are especially suited because they allow a robust handling due to the optimal stress/strain behaviour and adjust well to the subgrade. Moreover, the flexible system deforms optimally during wave impact absorbing the impacting forces. The three-dimensional needle-punched nonwovens are furthermore particularly abrasion-resistant.
In geotechnology and hydraulic engineering, earth materials in particular are “packed” in flexible tubes, sacks and containers. Here geosynthetics perform separating, filtering, protecting and/or reinforcing functions, depending on the type of application involved. The materials used include nonwovens, wovens, geogrids and composites.
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Erosion of slopes can be avoided very well with entangled mesh structures, particularly during vegetation, because the soil which is filled into the three-dimensional static structure of the randomly entangled mesh is securely held in place and relatively resistant to washing out.
Three-dimensional geosynthetics and composites prevent the removal of soil particles by water and wind. In nature, it is the plants with their roots that prevent the soil from being carried away. The natural formation of vegetation layers, which often takes years, will be accelerated and enhanced by the use of erosion control matting.
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The company G.T. trade d.o.o. is the general representative of the German company NAUE GmbH & Co. KG for the territory of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the last 40 years, the company NAUE GmbH & Co. KG has expanded its range of products and the area of their application, thus achieving presence on the most important global markets. Today, we offer the product range of this company on the territory of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, together with idea and technical solutions for construction sites, including all geostatic and geotechnical calculations.
G.T. trade d.o.o. manages the supply chain from the selection and procurement of materials to international logistics, delivery and installation. We are one of the biggest importers of geosynthetic materials in Croatia.
We dispose of high-quality materials that have been tested by accredited professional organisations for certification and quality control, as well as experience-tested and proven solutions and comprehensive technical support for all project phases – from proposal to delivery of materials and installation.
We draft main designs and final designs in cooperation with our project office (BBG/ BAUBERATUNG GEOKUNSTSTOFFE) .
BENTOFIX®
BENTOFIX® sealing barrier
A needle-punched reinforced geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) with two geotextile layers encapsulating a layer of sodium bentonite for sealing applications.
BENTOFIX® X multicomponent sealing barrier
A needle-punched GCL where the woven fabric is coated with a low permeability and gas-tight polyolefin coating to achieve an immediate barrier prior to hydration.
Bentofix® is multifunctional
Bentofix® is an extremely versatile clay-based lining product. Once hydrated, Bentofix® is an effective barrier against liquids, vapours, and gases.
With over two decades of successful installations, the range of Bentofix® applications is virtually limitless
- waste and contaminated soil caps
- landfill base liners
- gas and vapour seals
- surface impoundment liners
- secondary containment
- dams, canals, and water courses
- tailings containment
- groundwater protection
- sorptive barriers
- vertical barriers
- waterproofing
- versatile sealing applications with different GCL types and sodium bentonite
- can reduce construction costs by replacing compacted clay
- robust geotextiles encapsulate and contain the bentonite
- withstands differential settlement
- uniform peel strength provides multi-directional shear strength
- Thermal Lock process increases internal shear strength and interface friction angles
- self-sealing overlaps available
- installation advantages with 5 m wide rolls
- quick and easy to install
- BBA certified waterproofing systems (Bentofix® BFG 5000 and X2 BFG 5300)
- ISO 9001 certified
- CE marked
SECUTEX®
SECUTEX®
is a needle-punched staple fibre nonwoven geotextile, some products additionally calendered, used for separation, filtration, protection and drainage.
SECUTEX® IS MULTIFUNCTIONAL
Secutex® geotextiles are used in many fields of civil engineering including hydraulic engineering, landfill engineering, road construction and tunnel construction. As a separation layer, Secutex® prevents individual and distinct granular layers from contaminating one another. Thus, structural fill and base courses maintain their integrity for a substantially longer period of time than otherwise possible. When fine soil layers are present next to drainage layers on highway or railway construct ion projects, Secutex® functions as a filter preventing fine soil particles from washing through and com promising the drainage ability of the coarser layers. Displacement of small amounts of water in problem areas is facilitated by the in-plane Secutex® transmissivity. Secutex® nonwoven geotextiles with a high mass per unit area can also protect geomembranes or pipes against mechanical damage. If necessary, a woven geotextile can be integrated into the matrix of Secutex® to distribute dynamic loads and thus augment its protective abilities.
TERRAFIX®
TERRAFIX®
is a single- or multi-layer, needle-punched nonwoven for separation, filtration, protection and sand container applications.
TERRAFIX® IS MULTIFUNCTIONAL
Terrafix® is a versatile material and is used for a wide range of functions including: single or multilayered geotextile filters, sand ballast mats, sand containers or tubes and scour protection. Terrafix® nonwovens and sand mats act as separators and filters in hydraulic engineer ing applications such as embankment construction, canal bed rehabilitation and protection, and coastal works. Fabricated into tubes, Terrafix® can be used in harbour basin protection; Terrafix® sand containers have been success fully used in coastal and river bank protection. Terrafix® has high water permeability, retains soil and allows root growth so that bank protection structures will blend unobtrusively with the natural environ ment. Terrafix® provides scour protection for revetments, in waterways, around pillars and longitudinal and transverse hydraulic structures.
CARBOFOL®
- Landfill caps and base seals
- Canals, ponds and reservoirs
- Tunnels and buildings
- Mining
- Storage, filling, handling, manufacturing, treatment and use of contaminated liquids
- Excellent chemical resistance due to selected raw materials
- High interface friction angles with embossed structured surface
- Installation advantages with up to 7.50m wide liner
- High Melt Flow Index (MFI) allows an excellent welding performance
- Available according to GM-13 and with BAM and DIBt approval
SECUGRID®
Mobilised shear stress in granular soils is substantially reduced when comparatively small axial strains (<2%) are exceeded. Geogrids reduce deformation and increase the stability, safety and serviceability of soil structures. The stress-strain behaviour of geogrid reinforcement influences the available strength at low strains (Fig. 1); thus, reinforcement reduces rutting, bulging and crack formation, and other mechanisms of failure within roads, composite structures, and other reinforced soil layers and masses. Secugrid® geogrids achieve a high modulus and high tensile strength at low strains, and exhibit low creep tendency. This is essential for safe, economical, durable engineering work and high serviceability.
- Base course stabilisation & reinforcement
- Retaining walls and slopes
- Bridge abutments
- Veneer reinforcement
- Basal reinforcement for embankments
- Load transfer platforms over piles (LTP)
- Bridging of mining voids and sinkholes
- Reinforced foundations
- Airport runways and graded portions
- Working platforms, crane hardstandings
- Pipe trenches
- High tensile strength
- Strong torsional rigidity
- Low creep tendency
- Robust against installation damage, chemical, and biological attack
- High long-term strength
COMBIGRID®
COMBIGRID®
is a composite product of a Secugrid® geogrid, with a needle-punched Secutex® nonwoven geotextile firmly welded between the reinforcement bars, for soil stabilisation, separation and filtration applications.
COMBIGRID® IS MULTIFUNCTIONAL
Combigrid® combines all the requirements of a variety of properties in one single product. For this reason, the main area of use for Combigrid® is on weak subsoils where, in addition to reinforcement, filter and separating properties are required. As a rule, this means subsoils with a CBR value of less than 3 %. Thus, the areas of application for Combigrid® are to be found in the reinforcement of base courses, foundations, access roads, pipeline trenches and throughout the road building sector. The range of products available incorporates different degrees of tensile strength and nonwoven components and covers a variety of applications. Combigrid® is thus an all-purpose product for universal applications.
- High tensile strength
- Strong torsional rigidity
- Low creep tendency
- Robust against installation damage, chemical, and biological attack
- High long-term strength
SECUDRAIN®
SECUDRAIN®
is a three-dimensional composite product, consisting of a drainage core and firmly attached filter nonwoven geotextiles for drainage applications.
SECUDRAIN® IS MULTIFUNCTIONAL
Secudrain® is used extensively to drain water or gas in various applications. In landfill engineering, Secudrain® serves three functions at once (filtration, protection and drainage) when installed directly above a geomembrane. The ability of Secudrain® to passively relieve water pressure makes it ideal for drainage over buried structures and for road-edge strip-drain applications. The filter geotextiles and the drainage core can be efficiently dimensioned to meet the required drainage capacity. Secudrain® is also used successfully as a drainage layer in the construction of buildings, tunnels and roofs.
- filtration, protection and drainage in one product
- excellent in-plane flow properties
- long-term hydraulic performance
- replaces natural drainage aggregate
- very high creep resistance
- resistance to chemical and biological degradation
- perfectly suited for steep slope application due to very good shear properties
- robust against on-site conditions
- quick and cost-effective installation
- highest quality control standards
- ISO 9001 certified
- CE marked
SECUMAT®
SECUMAT®
is a three-dimensional erosion control mat with a labyrinth-like synthetic core.
SECUMAT® IS MULTIFUNCTIONAL
Secumat® erosion control mats are used for slope and ground protection in road building, landscaping, and landfill engineering works. Waterways engineering works employ Secumat® on flood plains and embankments. Properly dimensioned it prevents the sliding and washing out of the soil and cover layer while facilitating rapid vegetation growth. Upon heavy rains and water flows, the reinforcing ability of Secumat® prevents erosion of the otherwise vulnerable vegetation. Once vegetated, Secumat® reduces runoff velocities and thereby increases infiltration and reduces discharge. Directly next to water courses, Secumat® protects the banks from the scouring action of water flow.
- waste and contaminated soil caps
- landfill base liners
- gas and vapour seals
- surface impoundment liners
- secondary containment
- dams, canals, and water courses
- tailings containment
- groundwater protection
- sorptive barriers
- vertical barriers
- waterproofing
- versatile sealing applications with different GCL types and sodium bentonite
- can reduce construction costs by replacing compacted clay
- robust geotextiles encapsulate and contain the bentonite
- withstands differential settlement
- uniform peel strength provides multi-directional shear strength
- Thermal Lock process increases internal shear strength and interface friction angles
- self-sealing overlaps available
- installation advantages with 5 m wide rolls
- quick and easy to install
- BBA certified waterproofing systems (Bentofix® BFG 5000 and X2 BFG 5300)
- ISO 9001 certified
- CE marked